Socioeconomic analysis of the dairy sector in the provinces of zone 3 of Ecuador

Abstract

A socioeconomic analysis of the dairy sector in the provinces of Zone 3 of Ecuador (Tungurahua, Cotopaxi, Chimborazo and Pastaza) was carried out. The objective was to analyze the influence of different economic and productive variables of the dairy sector in the provinces, focusing on raw milk prices, production, the Consumer Price Index (CPI), the cost of the family basket, the total number of milked cows and the number of cattle for milk purposes. The research adopted a descriptive quantitative approach with a correlational and longitudinal scope for data collection and obtaining numerical measurements. Descriptive statistical tools and multiple linear regression models were used to analyze data from 2015, 2023 and part of 2024, which allowed identifying patterns in the evolution of milk prices and production. Cotopaxi presented the highest and most stable prices, while Pastaza showed greater volatility in prices and production. The importance of the number of milked cows was highlighted as a key factor in dairy production, with a more pronounced positive impact in provinces such as Tungurahua and Pastaza. However, in Chimborazo, the increase in herd size did not always result in a proportional increase in production, meaning that there are efficiency problems. The study underlines the need to promote modernisation of the sector and sustainable development, to improve competitiveness and ensure the long-term sustainability of the dairy sector in the 4 provinces.