Data encryption methodologies for information Security: A systematic review

Abstract

In today's digital environment, data encryption has emerged as one of the most effective techniques for ensuring information security and privacy. This paper presents a systematic review using the PRISMA methodology, analyzing various journals published between 2021 and 2025. After a rigorous selection process, we selected 15 publications, which were included in this article for review. The results show that traditional algorithms such as AES, RSA, and ECC remain highly effective in standard environments; however, new proposals such as enhanced elliptic curve cryptography (EECC), probabilistic encryption, and hybrid schemes offer significant improvements in security and adaptability. Notable contributions included AES variants that enhance the avalanche effect, hybrid cloud schemes that reduce data recovery times compared to conventional methods, and techniques applied to image encryption that improve robustness against differential attacks. However, these emerging solutions present limitations related to increased computational resource consumption and increased processing times, which restricts their application in environments with limited capacities or high real-time demands. This work provides a comprehensive view of the benefits and limitations of encryption in digital information security.